Production planning and control April/May 2015

Production planning and control previous Anna University Questions

Anna University Chennai

Question Paper Code : 71837

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL / MAY 2015

Eighth Semester

Mechanical Engineering

ME 2036/ME 802/ 10122 MEE 44 - PRODUCTION PLANNING and CONTROL

(Common to Production Engineering and Mechanical and Automation Engineering)

(Regulation 2008/2010)

                                                                                          Time: Three hours

                                                                                Maximum : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions

PART A - (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. List the objectives of planning and control
2. What is break even analysis?
3. Define method study.
4. Mention any two tools used in' time study.
5. What is value analysis?
6. Define product planning
7. What are Gantt charts.
8. Brief about ‘Kanban’.
9. List the advantages of two bin system.
10. What is MRP II?

PART B-(5 x 16 =80 marks)

11.  (a) (i) Describe the functions of production control. (10)
(ii) Explain the economics of a new design. (6)

Or

(b) Discuss the various aspects of product development and design (16)

12. (a) (i) Describe the basic procedure of method study. (10)
(ii) What is production study? Explain. (6)

or

(b) Explain the following:
(i) Memo motion study
(ii) Work sampling
(iii) Micromotion study. (4 + 6 + 6)

13. (a) Define process planning. Discuss in detail steps for the same (16)

or

(b) (i) Describe the problems due to the lack of product planning (6)
(ii) Explain how process capabilities are analyzed in a multi product system. (10)

14. (a) (i) What is perpetual loading? Describe (6)
(ii) Discuss periodic batch control (6)
(iii) Explain any one of techniques for aligning completion times and due dates. (4)

Or

(b) Sequence the following jobs to minimize the processing times on the two machines. Also computer the idle times of the machines.
Jobs           1  2  3  4  5  6
Machine 1 5  9  4  7  8  6
Machine 2 7  4  8  3  9  5

15. (a) (i) Discuss he effect of demand on inventories. (4)
(ii) Describe the elements of just in time systems. (12)

Or

b) (i) What is ERP. Briefly explain. (4)
(ii) Following components are required for repairing oil engines. Classify the same by ABC analysis (12)
Component code :                 C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06  C07   C08   C09  C10
Units cost in Rs.                   100  200   50  300 500 3000 1000 7000  5000    60
Annual consumption in units   100 300 700   400 1000  30    200   500   105   1000

Electronically controlled gasoline injection system PPT/PDF notes

Electronically controlled gasoline injection system for SI engine

Limitations of carburetor or necessity of petrol fuel injection

In multi cylinder engines, it becomes very difficult for a single carburetor to supply uniform quantity and quality. Since, the induction passage are of unequal length.

The carburetor has many wearing parts. After wear, it operates less efficiency.

There is a loss of volumetric efficiency due to restricted flow of mixture in various parts such as choke tubes,  jets, throttle valves, inlet pipe bends.

Venturi throat of the carburetor causes a restriction in the passage of air flow to the engine.

All of above limitations of carburetor may be avoided by introducing the fuel through injection rather than carburetion.

Types of gasoline injection system

In a petrol injection system, the fuel is injected into the intake manifold through fuel injection valves.

There are two basic gasoline injection arrangements.

(i) Multi point fuel injection (MPFI)

(ii) Mono point fuel injection

Working of Electronically controlled gasoline injection system

In electronically controlled gasoline injection system for SI engines, fuel supply and timing are controlled by electronic means.

It has developed with the development of solid state electronic devices such as diodes and transistors.

These systems are commonly used as they function quickly and respond automatically to the change in manifold air pressure, engine speed, crank shaft angle and many other secondary factors.

Developed by Robert Bosch Corporation.

ž  It consists of following four units.

1. Fuel delivery system
2. Air induction system
3. Sensors and air flow control system
4. Electronic control unit

(i)  Fuel delivery system

This system consist of an electrically driven fuel pump which draws fuel from the tank through filter and forces it into the pressure line.

At the end of the pressure line, a fuel pressure regulator is placed.

The fuel pressure regulator is connected to the intake manifold.

The pressure difference between fuel pressure and manifold pressure is kept constant by this regulator so that the quantity of fuel is injected dependent only on the injection open time.

(ii)  Air Induction system

The incoming air from atmosphere flows initially through air filter and then through air flow sensor.

This air flow sensor measures the amount of air flow in the manifold and generates a voltage signal which is dependent on the amount of air flow.

The air flow meter consists of a rectangular plate which turns in a rectangular shaped channel to a defined angular position dependent on the pressure from flowing air.

(iii) Sensors and air flow control system

1.Air flow sensors

2. Intake air temperature sensor

3. Exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensor

4. Manifold absolute pressure sensor

5. Speed/ crankshaft sensor

6. Engine temperature sensor

7. Crankshaft position sensor

8. Knock sensor

(iv) Electronic control unit (ECU)

(Heart of a fuel injection system)

This unit contains number of printed circuit boards on which a series of transistors, diodes and other electronic components are mounted.

The data measured in the form of signals by various sensors are transmitted to the electronic control unit.

This unit computes the air fuel ratio required for the best performance of the engine during each cycle and it sends signal to the injection valve and other parts of the system.

ECU cannot be adjusted or serviced.

Advantages

Increases the volumetric efficiency and it also increases speed and torque.

It reduces specific fuel consumption

Design of manifold is simple

Click the link: to watch the video

Working of Electronically Controlled Injection system

MG6863 Engineering Economics university questions

MG6863 Engineering Economics

Unit 4 Replacement and Maintenance analysis

Part-A

1.     What is meant by replacement analysis?

It involves the replacement of existing obsolete or worn out assets in order to avoid failure in operations. 

The problems often faced by management of various industries are whether to replace the existing equipment with new and more efficient. This class of decision analysis is known as replacement analysis.

2.     What are the types of replacement problem?

(a)  Replacement of assets that deteriorate with time. This can be further classified into two types.

(i)    Determination of economic life of an asset

(ii)     Replacement of asset with a new asset

(b)  Simple probabilistic model for assets which fails completely.(Replacement due to sudden failure)

3.     How to determine the economic life of an asset?

By using capital cost, operating cost and total cost the economic life of an asset can be determined.

It is defined to be the period of useful life that minimizes the annual equivalent cost of owning and operating the asset.

4.     Explain capital recovery cost.

It is computed from the first cost (initial investment/purchase price) of the machine.

5.     Explain operating costs.

The operating costs of an asset include operating and maintenance costs, labour costs, material costs, and energy consumption costs.

It tends to increase as a function of the age of the asset.

6.     What is meant by maintenance analysis?

Maintenance is concerned with the day to day problem of keeping production facilities and equipment in proper operating condition.

7.     Name the types of maintenance.

(i)        Corrective or breakdown maintenance

(ii)        Scheduled maintenance

(iii)       Preventive maintenance

(iv)       Predictive maintenance

8.     State any two advantages of breakdown maintenance.

(i)                Delays in production

(ii)              Faster plant deterioration

Engineering Economics university questions

MG6863 Engineering Economics

Unit 3 Cash Flow

Part-A

1.     What is meant by rate of return method?

This method takes into account the total earnings expected from an investment proposal over its full life time. It also uses the accounting concept of profit.

2.     Mention the various rate of return method.

(i)                Internal rate of return

(ii)              Average of return

(iii)            Net present value method

(iv)            Payback period

3.     What is meant by revenue dominated cash flow?

The profit/revenue, salvage values of all inflows to an organisation will be assigned with positive sign and the costs outflows will be assigned with negative sign is called revenue dominated cash flow.

4.     What is meant by cost dominated cash flow?

The cost outflows will be assigned with positive sign and the profit, revenue, salvage values all inflows etc.,will be assigned with negative sign is called cash dominated cash flow.

5.     What is meant by annual equivalent method?

It is used for measuring investment worth by determining equal payments on an annual basis.

AE(i)=PW(i) (A/P,i,n)

6.     What is present worth method?

It measures the surplus in an investment project at time zero.The present worth of all cash inflows is compared against the present worth of all cash outflows associated with an investment of project.

7.     What is future worth analysis?

Net future worth measures the surplus at a time period other than 0. It is particularly useful in an investment situation where we need to compute the equivalent of project at the end of its investment period.

8.     What is rate of return?

It is the break even interest rate (i) which equates the present worth of a project’s cash outflows to present worth of its cash inflows.

Engineering Economics 2 marks with answers PDF

MG6863 Engineering Economics

Unit 2 Value Engineering

Part-A

1.   Define value engineering.

It is defined as the systematic application of recognised techniques which identify the function a product or service, establish a monetary value for the function and provide the necessary function reliability at the lowest overall cost.

Value = Function or Utility/Cost

2.     What are the main objectives of value engineering?

(i)                Simplify the product

(ii)              Reduce cost of the product

(iii)            Modify and improve product design as to make it acceptable to consumer

(iv)            Improve organizational efficiency

(v)              Ensure greater return of investment

3.     What do you understand make or buy decisions?

It is a determination whether to produce a component part internally or to buy it from an outside supplier.

The organization should evaluate the costs and benefits of a manufacturing a product against purchasing it and then select the alternative which results in the lower cost.

4.     Explain time value of money.

The economic value of sum depends on when it is received. Because money has earning power over time (it can be put to work, earning more money for its owner), a rupee received today has a greater value than a rupee received at some future time.

5.     What is meant by effective interest rate?

It is a percentage which is periodically applied to measure the cost of money when the interest rates compounded for less than a year. i.e,monthly, quarterly and half yearly.

It is given by

R= (1+i/C) ^c-1

Where          

i=the nominal interest rate

C=the number of interest periods in a year

6.     What is uniform gradient conversion?

The future sum of annual equal payments at the end of the every year for N years is equal to the total amount of gradient series at the end of N years.

7.     What is meant by capital recovery factor?

To find the annual equivalent amount and this is to be paid by the company at the end of every interest period.

            A= P( i(1+i)^N/(1+i)^N-1)=P(A/P,i,N)

8.     What is compound amount factor?

The factor (i+i)^N is known as compound amount factor. Like the concept of equivalence. By using this factor, all other important interest formulas can be derived which is designated (F/P,i,N).

9.     What is present worth factor?

The factor 1/(1+i)^N is known as present worth factor and is designated (P/F,i,N). It is also referred as the discounting factor.

10.   What is sinking fund factor?

The factor i/((1+i)^N-1) is called the equal payment series sinking fund factor and is referred by the notation (A/F,i,N).

A sinking fund is an interest-bearing account into which a fixed sum is deposited each interest period and it is commonly established for the purpose of replacing fixed assets.

Engineering Economics question bank

This post covers the unit wise question bank with answer for the subject engineering economics.

MG6863 Engineering Economics

Unit 1  Introduction to Economics

Part-A

1.  Define Engineering economics.

         Engineering economics may be defined as a set of principles, concepts, techniques and methods by which alternatives within a project can be compared and evaluated for the best monetary return.

2.   What is meant by the law of supply and law of demand?

               Law of supply states that the quantities that will be sold at a certain price. This is also states that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied.

              Law of demand states that if all other factors remain  equal, the higher the price of goo, the less people will demand the good. This means the higher the price the lower the quantity demanded.

3.What are the procedures used for engineering economics?

(i)    Problem recognition, formulation and evaluation

(ii)   Development of the feasible alternatives

(iii)  Development of the cash flows for each alternative

(iv)  Selection of a criteria

(v)  Analysis and comparison of the alternatives

(vi)  Selection of the preferred alternative

(vii) Performance monitoring  and post evaluation results

4.   Write short notes on scope of engineering economics.

(i)  It provide basis for resource allocation problem.

(ii) It helps to understand the market conditions, general economic environment in which the firm is working.

(iii) It provides a number of tools and techniques to solve engineering problems related to product mix, output level, pricing the product, investment, quantum of advertisement etc.

(iv) To improve the productivity, reducing human efforts, controlling and reducing cost.

5.Differentiate engineering efficiency and economic efficiency.

            Engineering efficiency is measured by the relationship between the physical quantities of input. It occurs when all inputs are deployed in a way that generates the most output for the least overall cost in resources.

Engineering efficiency = output/Cost of all inputs

          Economic efficiency is measured by the relationship between  the values of the output and the values of the input. It helps to examine profitability for an investment better then engineering economics.

 Economic efficiency = Values of output/ Cost of all inputs

6.What are the principles or concepts of engineering economics?

(i)   Develop the alternatives

(ii)   Focus on the differences

(iii)  Use a consistent view point

(iv)   Use a common unit of measure

(v)    Consider all relevant criteria

(vi)    Make uncertainty explicit

(vii)   Revisit your decisions

7.  What are the elements of cost?

(i)  Materials

(a)  Direct materials cost (b) Indirect materials cost

(ii)  Labour cost

(b)   Direct labour cost (b) Indirect labour cost

(iii)  Expenses

(a)   Direct expenses (b) Indirect expenses

8.  What is marginal cost and marginal revenue?

  The amount at any given volume of output by which aggregate costs are changed, if the volume of output is increased or  decreased by one unit. The revenue that can be obtained from selling one more unit of product is called marginal revenue.

9. What is meant by sunk cost and opportunity cost?

          A cost which has incurred or sunk in the past and is not relevant to the particular decision making is sunk cost or sunk loss. It may be variable or fixed or both.

  Opportunity cost is defined as the potential benefit that is given up as you seek alternative course of action.

10.  Define break even analysis.

It is concerned with finding the point at which revenues and 

costs agree exactly. 

It can be carried out algebraically or graphically.

It implies that the total revenue equals the total cost at some 

point in the operations.

11.Define P/V ratio.

It gives the relationship of contribution to sales. 

It is also called contribution sales ratio.

P/V ratio = Contribution/Sales

P/V ratio= (Fixed cost + profit)/Sales

P/V ratio = (Sales-Variable cost)/Sales

12. What are the procedures used for the selection of materials?

(i)    Translation

(ii)    Screening

(iii)   Ranking

(iv)    Selection

Click to View:

Unit 2 Value Engineering 2 marks with answers