ME2037/ME6012 Maintenance Engineering 2 marks with aswers PDF

ME2037/ME6012 Maintenance Engineering Unit wise 2 marks with answers is given in this post.This is one of the elective papers for whom are studying IV year VII semester in the department of Mechanical and Production Engineering

ANNA UNIVERSITY,CHENNAI

REGULATION 2013

COMMON TO MECHANICAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

YEAR/SEMESTER: IV/VIII

SUBJECT NAME :MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING

UNIT I PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MAINTENANCE PLANNING 

Basic Principles of maintenance planning – Objectives and principles of planned maintenance activity – Importance and benefits of sound Maintenance systems – Reliability and machine availability – MTBF, MTTR and MWT – Factors of availability –

Maintenance organization – Maintenance economics.

Unit 1 -PART A (2 Marks)

1. Define maintenance? 
Maintenance is the routine and recurring process of keeping a particular machine or asset in its normal operating conditions So that it can deliver the expected performance or service without any loss or damage.

2.Define reliability and State the types of reliability.
 Reliability is defined as the probability that a component /system, when operating under given condition, will perform its intended functions adequately for a specified period of time. It refers to the like hood that equipment will not fail during its operation.
Types of reliabilty:
(i) Inherent Reliability: It is associated with the quality of the material and design of machine parts. 
(ii) Achievable Reliability: It depends upon other factors such as maintenance and operation of the equipment.

3.Define maintainability? 
Maintainability is defined as the probability that a unit or system will be restored to specified working conditions within a given period when maintenance action is taken in accordance with the prescribed procedures and resources.

4.Define failure rate? 
Failure rate is the ratio of the number of failures during particular unit interval to the average population during that interval. This failure rate is also known as hazard rate and instantaneous failure rate.

5.Define Mean Time to Repair (MTTR)? 
Mean Time to Repair is the arithmetic mean of the time required to perform maintenance action. MTTR is defined as the Ratio of total maintenance time and number of maintenance action.

 MTTR = Total maintenance time/ Number of maintenance action.

6.What is Mean Failure Rate? 
The mean failure rate h is obtained by finding the mean of the failures rates for specified period of time.
 h = (Z1 + Z2 + Z3+....+ZT) / T 
where Zt represents failure rates over the specified period of time T.

7.What is Mean Time between Failures (MTBF)?
 Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) is the mean or average time between successive failures of a product. Mean time between failures refers tom the average time of breakdown until the device is beyond repair.

8.Define Mean Time to Failure.
 Let t1 is the time to failure for the first specimen, t2 is the time to failure for the second specimen and t n is the time to failure for the Nth specimen. Hence the mean time to failure for N specimens are MTTR = (t1+t2+......+t N) /N

9.State the advantages of life cycle cost analysis.
 (i) Integration of engineering, economics and financial aspects lead to the way of robust metric for the selection and purchase equipment required for the industry.
 (ii) Reduced operating and maintenance cost of equipments due to cost analysis over span of time.
 (iii) It leads to the selection of proper and economically viable equipment.

10.State the components of maintenance cost? 
The maintenance cost is comprised of two factors:
 (i) Fixed cost: This includes the cost of support facilities including the maintenance staff. 
(ii) Variable cost: This includes the consumption of spare parts, replacement of components and cost other facilities requirements of maintenance.

11.Define Maintenance Action Rate and State the components of maintenance cost? 
 Maintenance action rate is the number of maintenance action that can be carried out on equipment per hour.

Components of maintenance cost:
The maintenance cost is comprised of two factors: (i) Fixed cost: This includes the cost of support facilities including the maintenance staff. (ii) Variable cost: This includes the consumption of spare parts, replacement of components and cost other facilities requirements of maintenance.

12.State the role of maintenance budget and its types.
The maintenance budget is used to set aside certain amount of money to meet the expenditures incurred in achieving the objectives of maintenance.

Types of maintenance budget:
(i) Appropriation Budget: Budget used to allocate money for each activity independently. 
(ii) Fixed Budget: Fixed used to allocate money for a specified period of time. 
(iii)Variable Budget: Dynamic allocation of expenditure based on maintenance requirements and activities.



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Computer Aided Design University Questions

ANNA UNIVERSITY-CHENNAI

REGULATION 2013

ME6501-COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 

UNIT-3

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1.What is the need of visualization?
Visualization in geometric modeling is helpful in finding connection in the design applications. By shading the parts with various shadows, colors and transparency, the designer can recognize undesired unknown interferences. In the design of complex surfaces shading with different texture characteristics can use to find any undesired quick modifications in surface changes.

2.What is hidden solid removal?
The hidden solid removal problem involves the view of solid models with hidden line or surface eliminated. Available hidden line algorithm and hidden surface algorithms are useable to hidden solid elimination of B-rep models.

3.What is powder shading?
Powder shading is a sketching shading method. In this style, the stumping powder and paper stumps are used to draw a picture. This can be in color. The stumping powder is smooth and doesn't have any shiny particles. The poster created with powder shading looks more beautiful than the original. The paper to be used should have small grains on it so that the powder remains on the paper.

4.Mention the advantages and limitations of ray tracking algorithm.
Advantages of Ray tracing:
1. A realistic simulation of lighting over other rendering.
2. An effect such as reflections and shadows is easy and effective.
3. Simple to implement yet yielding impressive visual results.

 Limitation of ray tracing:
Scan line algorithms use data consistency to divide computations between pixels, while ray
tracing normally begins the process a new, treating every eye ray separately.

5.What is hidden line removal?
Hidden line removal (HLR) is the method of computing which edges are not hidden by the faces of parts for a specified view and the display of parts in the projection of a model into a 2D plane.

6.What is hidden solid removal?
The hidden solid removal problem involves the view of solid models with hidden line or surface eliminated. Available hidden line algorithm and hidden surface algorithms are use able to hidden solid elimination of B-rep models.

7.List out the various visualization approaches.

Parallel projections

Perspective projection.

Hidden line removal

 Hidden surface removal

 Hidden solid removal

 Shaded models

8.Mention any two surface removal algorithm.
1. Z - buffer algorithm
2. Painters algorithm

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Computer Aided Design Question Bank

ANNA UNIVERSITY-CHENNAI

REGULATION 2013

ME6501-COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 

UNIT-2

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1.Write down the advantages of surface modeling.

1. Surface modeling can be used to check the real look of the product with coloring and shading.
2. Surface modeling can be used to perform interference checking.
3. As the surface models precisely define the part geometry such as surface and boundaries, they can help to produce machine instructions automatically.
4. Complex surface features can be created very easily.
5. Un ambiguities in the interpretation of object is less than wire frame models by using the provision of hidden line removal.

2.What is CGS?
Constructive solid geometry (CSG) is a method used in solid modeling for creating 3D models in CAD. Constructive solid geometry permits a modeler to make a complex surface by applying Boolean operators to join objects. Frequently CSG presents a model/surface that appears visually complex, but is essentially little more than cleverly combined.

3.Write down two important solid modeling technique.
The solid modeling techniques permit for the automation of some complicated engineering calculations that are approved as a part of the design progression. Simulation, planning, and confirmation of processes such as machining and assembly were one of the initiations for the
development of solid modeling technique.

4.Write down ‘Free form surface’.
Freeform surface is used in CAD and other computer graphics software to describe the skin of a 3D geometric element. Freeform surfaces do not have rigid radial dimensions, unlike regular surfaces such as planes, cylinders and conic surfaces.

5.Define ‘focus’ of a curve.
In geometry, the focus is pair of special points with reference to which any of a variety of curves is constructed.

6. Write a short note ‘Hermite curve’.
A Hermite curve is a spline where every piece is a third degree polynomial defined in Hermite form: that is, by its values and initial derivatives at the end points of the equivalent domain interval.

7.Define Conic section.
A conic section is a curve created as the intersection of a cone with a plane. In analytic geometry, a conic may be described as a plane algebraic curve of degree two, and as a quadric of dimension two.

8.Write down the eccentricity value for ellipse, parabola and hyperbola. 

The value of eccentricity less than one is ellipses, those with eccentricity equal to one are parabolas, and those with eccentricity greater than one is hyperbolas.

9.Define Quadratic Bezier curve.

 

As shown in the figure, a quadratic Bezier curve is the path defined by the function B(t), given
points P0, P1, and P2,B(t)={(1-t) (1-t)P0=tp1=t(1-t)p1=tp2}

10.List out properties of B-Spline.
i. The maximum order in every parametric direction is limited to the number of describing polygon vertices in that path.
ii. The surface is changeable to an affine transformation.
iii. The deviation diminishing property of B-spline surface is not well recognized.
iv. The control of any polygon net vertex is limited to ±p/2, ±q/2 spans in the particular parametric direction.
v. If the number of polygon net vertices is equal to the order of basis in that dire.

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ME6501 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 2 MARKS WITH ANSWERS

ANNA UNIVERSITY-CHENNAI

REGULATION 2013

ME6501-COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 

UNIT-1 

1.List out fundamentals of product life cycle management.
1. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
2. Supply Chain Management (SCM)
3. Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
4. Product Planning and Development (PPD).

2.What is conceptualization in design process?
A Concept Study is the stage of project planning that includes developing ideas and taking into account the all features of executing those ideas. This stage of a project is done to reduce the likelihood of assess risks, error and evaluate the potential success of the planned project.

3.Define Product cycle.
Product cycle is the process of managing the entire life cycle of a product from starting, through design and manufacture, to repair and removal of manufactured products.

4. Differentiate preliminary design and detailed design.
Preliminary design Detailed design
The preliminary design fills the gap between the design concept and the detailed design phase. The system configuration is defined, and schematics, diagrams, and layouts of the project will offer early project configuration. In detailed design and optimization, the parameters of the part being produced will change, but the preliminary design focuses on creating the common framework to construct the project.
The next phase of preliminary design is the Detailed Design which may includes of procurement also. This phase builds on the already developed preliminary design, aiming to further develop each phase of the project by total description through drawings, modeling as well as specifications.

5.What is ‘Rendering’?
Rendering is the making of a two dimensional image from a three dimensional model by means of computer programs. A picture file has objects in a strictly defined data structure; it would have information of geometry, lighting, viewpoint, texture, and shading as a description of the scene.

6.State the importance of Computer Architecture in CAD.
In CAD, Computer architecture is a set of disciplines that explains the functionality, the organization and the introduction of computer systems; that is, it  describes the capabilities of a computer and its programming method in a summary way, and how the internal organization of the system is designed and executed to meet the specified facilities.

7.Define concurrent engineering and state it's advantages:
In concurrent engineering, various tasks are handled at the same time, and not essentially in the standard order. This means that info found out later in the course can be added to earlier parts, improving them, and also saving time. Concurrent engineering is a method by which several groups within an organization work simultaneously to create new products and services.

Advantages:

1.Both product and process design run in parallel and take place in the same time.
2. Process and Product are coordinated to attain optimal matching of requirements for effective
quality and delivery.
3. Decision making involves full team involvement.

8.What do you understand by the term ‘Texture Mapping’?
Texture mapping is a system for providing detail, surface texture and color to a computer- generated graphic model. A texture map is used to the surface of a polygon. This process is like to sticking patterned paper to a plain white paper. Multi texturing is the use of more numbers of textures at
a time on a polygon.

9.What are the steps involved in architecture implementation?
Computer architecture engages different aspects, including instruction set architecture design, logic design, and implementation. The implementation includes Integrated Circuit
Design, Power, and Cooling. Optimization of the design needs expertise with Compilers, Operating Systems and Packaging.

10.Describe Computer Aided Design.
CAD is the function of computer systems to support in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to raise the productivity of the designer, progress the quality of design, progress communications through documentation, and to generate a database for manufacturing. 


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Thermodynamics important questions bank

 This post help you for the mechanical engineering student who is going to write thermodynamics exam.Here important repeated 2 marks and 16 marks of unit 1 is given. 

Anna University Chennai

Regulation 2013

                                     Thermodynamics                 

                                              UNIT-5   Part - A

                                     Answer all the questions             

1. Define degree of saturation. 

2. Differentiate absolute humidity and relative humidity.

3. Define dew point depression.

4. What is meant by adiabatic saturation temperature?

5. What is psychrometer? 

6.What is humidification and dehumidification?

7. Define sensible heat and latent heat.

8. What are the important psychrometric processes?

9. State Helmholtz function.

10. What are the assumptions made in Vanderwaal’s equation of state? 

                                                  Part - B                 

1. 30 m3/ min of moist air at 15 C DBT and 13 C WBT are mixed with 12m3/min of moist air at 25 C DBT and 18 C WBT. Determine DBT and WBT of the mixture assuming the barometric pressure is one atmosphere. 

2.For the atmospheric air at room temperature of 30 C and relative humidity of 60% Determine partial pressure of air, humidity ratio, dew point temperature, density and enthalpy of mixture.

3. Atmospheric air at 1.0132 bar has a DBT of 32◦C and a WBT of 26◦C. Find (i) the partial pressure of water vapour (ii)the specific humidity (iii) the dew point temperature (iv) the relative humidity (v) the degree of saturation (vi)the density of the air in the mixture (vii) the density of the vapour in the mixture (viii) the enthalpy of the mixture. 

4. One kg of ice at -5 C is exposed to atmosphere which is at 20 C. The ice melts and comes into contact into thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere. (i)  Determine the entropy increase of the universe. (ii) What is the minimum amount of work necessary to convert the water back into ice at -5 C? Cp of ice is 2.093 kJ / kg K and the latent heat of fusion of ice.

5.A sample of moist air at 1 atm and 25 C has a moisture content of 0.01% by volume. Determine  the  humidity  ratio,  the  partial  pressure  of  water  vapour,  the  degree  of saturation, the relative humidity and the dew point temperature.

6. Air at 20 C, 40% R.H is mixed with air at 40 C, 40% R.H in the ratio of (former) 1:2 (later) on dry basis. Determine the final condition of air.

7. One kg of air at 40 C dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity is mixed with 2 kg of air at 20 C dry bulb temperature and 20 C dew point temperature. Calculate the temperature and specific humidity of the mixture. 

8.  Determine the rate of power loss due to irreversibility in a heat engine operating between temperatures of 1800 K and 300 K. Engine delivers 2 MW of power when heat is added at the rate of 5 MW. 

9. An air-water vapour mixture enters an air- conditioning unit at a pressure of 1.0 bar, 38 C DBT, and a relative humidity of 75%. The mass of dry air entering is 1 kg/s. The air- vapour mixture leaves the air-conditioning unit at 1.0 bar, 18 C, 85% relative humidity. The moisture condensed leaves at 18 C. Determine the heat transfer rate for the process. 

10. Atmospheric air at 1.0132 bar has 20 C DBT and 65% RH. Find the humidity ratio, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, degree of saturation, enthalpy of the mixture, and density of air and density of vapour in the mixture. 

11. In a laboratory test, a sling psychrometer recorded dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures as 303 K and 298 K respectively. Calculate (i) vapour pressure (ii) relative humidity (iii) specific humidity (iv)Degree of saturation (v) dew point temperature (vi) enthalpy of the mixture. 

12.1 kg of air at 40 C DBT and 50% relative humidity is mixed with 2 kg of air at 20 C DBT and 20 C dew point temperature. Calculate the specific humidity, enthalpy and the dry bulb temperature of the mixture.