Internal combustion Engines notes PPT

INTERNAL COMBUSTION  ENGINES

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Heat Engine:

  

Any machine which derives heat energy from the

combustion of fuel and converts into mechanical work is

known as a heat engine.

Combustion :

  Combustion is a chemical  reaction chemical that occurs 

  between a fuel and an oxidizing agent that produces

  energy, usually in the form of heat and light.

    The combustion of fuel in the presence of air takes place inside the cylinder and the products of the combustion directly act on the piston to develop power.

  (Ex)Petrol engines, Diesel engines, Gas engines

     Define EC Engine

    Combustion takes place outside the engine cylinder.

  (Ex) Steam engines, Steam turbines

IC Engines - Applications

uRoad Vehicles (Scooter,motorcycles,buses)

uLocomotives

uAir craft

uBull-dozer,scraper etc

uCinemas

uSeveral industrial applications

Engine Components and Their Functions

uCylinder 

uCylinder head

uPiston

uPiston rings

uConnecting rod

uCrank shaft

uFlywheel

uCams

uSpark Plug

uFuel Injector

uValves (Intake valve and Exhaust valve)

CYLINDER:

  -The cylinder contains gas under pressure and guides the piston.

  - Made up of Cast iron or steel or Aluminium alloy.

CYLINDER HEAD:

uThe main purpose of cylinder head is to seal the working ends of the cylinders and not to permit entry and exit of gases.

uIt is fitted in the top of the cylinder

uIt accomodates inlet valve , exhaust valve and Spark plug or Fuel Injector

uMade up cast iron or aluminium 

PISTON:

uTransmits the force or power to the crank shaft

uMadeup of Cast iron or steel or aluminium alloy

PISTON RINGS:

To provide gas tight sealing to maintain the 

compression pressure inside the cylinder and to 

prevent leakage of burnt gases into the crankcase.

CONNECTING ROD:

uConverting reciprocating motion of the piston into

 the rotary motion of the crankshaft.

uMade up of nickel, chrome.

uFor small engines the material may be aluminium

CRANK SHAFT:

uConverts reciprocating motion to rotary motion.

uAlloy steels are used to withstand the high stress and strain

         

  FLY WHEEL:

  - It is mounted on the crank shaft.

  - Stores the excess energy during the power 

stroke of the engine and helps the movement 

of the piston during the remaining stroke.

CAMS:

uTo control the openinng and closing of the inlet 

and exhaust valves.

  SPARK PLUG:

  -  Used in Petrol engines to make spark to      

ignite air-fuel mixture

  -   Mounted on the cylinder head

 FUEL INJECTOR:

  -  Used in Diesel engines to inject the fuel in 

    the combustion chamber and is mounted on

  the cylinder head