INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINES
Any machine which derives heat energy
from the
combustion of fuel and converts into mechanical work is
known as a
heat engine.
Combustion
:
Combustion
is a chemical reaction chemical that
occurs
between a fuel and an oxidizing agent that produces
energy, usually in
the form of heat and light.
The combustion of fuel in the presence of air takes
place inside the cylinder and the products of the combustion directly act on
the piston to develop power.
(Ex)Petrol engines, Diesel engines, Gas
engines
Define EC Engine
Combustion takes
place outside the engine cylinder.
(Ex) Steam engines, Steam turbines
IC Engines -
Applications
uRoad Vehicles (Scooter,motorcycles,buses)
uLocomotives
uAir craft
uBull-dozer,scraper etc
uCinemas
uSeveral industrial applications
Engine Components and
Their Functions
uCylinder
uCylinder head
uPiston
uPiston rings
uConnecting rod
uCrank shaft
uFlywheel
uCams
uSpark Plug
uFuel Injector
uValves (Intake valve and Exhaust valve)
CYLINDER:
-The
cylinder contains gas under pressure and guides the piston.
- Made up of Cast iron or steel or Aluminium alloy.
CYLINDER HEAD:
uThe main purpose of
cylinder head is to seal the working ends of the cylinders and not to permit
entry and exit of gases.
uIt is fitted in the
top of the cylinder
uIt accomodates inlet valve ,
exhaust valve and Spark plug or Fuel Injector
uMade up cast iron or aluminium
PISTON:
uTransmits the force or power to the crank shaft
uMadeup of Cast iron or steel or aluminium alloy
PISTON RINGS:
To provide gas tight
sealing to maintain the
compression
pressure
inside the cylinder and to
prevent leakage of burnt gases into the crankcase.
CONNECTING ROD:
uConverting
reciprocating motion of the piston into
the rotary motion of the crankshaft.
uMade up of nickel,
chrome.
uFor small engines the
material may be aluminium
CRANK SHAFT:
uConverts reciprocating motion to rotary motion.
uAlloy steels are used to withstand the high stress and
strain
FLY WHEEL:
- It is mounted on the crank shaft.
- Stores the excess energy during the power
stroke of the engine and helps the movement
of the piston during the remaining
stroke.
CAMS:
uTo control the openinng and closing of the inlet
and exhaust valves.
SPARK PLUG:
- Used in Petrol engines to make spark
to
ignite
air-fuel mixture
-
Mounted on the cylinder head
FUEL INJECTOR:
- Used in Diesel engines to inject the
fuel in
the combustion chamber and is mounted on
the cylinder head
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